Corns and corns are common skin growths that appear on the feet as a result of prolonged pressure or friction. These thickened areas of skin are formed as a result of the body's protective response to constant irritation. However, despite their protective function, they cause significant discomfort and even pain.
If you suffer from painful calluses or corns, don't ignore the problem. At Illinois Foot & Ankle Clinic, under the guidance of experienced podiatric surgeon Dr. Alex Yanovskiy, DPM, you will be offered effective methods to treat and prevent these unpleasant conditions.
Types of Corns and Calluses
Despite their similarities, corns and calluses have their own differences and peculiarities. Depending on the location and causes of appearance, these skin formations can take different forms.
Corns are thickened areas of skin that form on or between the toes. They have a smaller size but are more painful due to the presence of a hard core that penetrates deep into the skin. Calluses are categorized into several types:
- Hard calluses: dense and dry formations, usually localized on the lateral surface of the foot or on the tops of the toes.
- Soft calluses: appear between the toes, where the skin is more moist and soft. They have a softer texture and manifest with pain and discomfort when walking.
- Calluses on the toes: form in places where the most pressure is exerted on the toes - more often on the outside of the toes.
Calluses are large and flat thickening of the skin that appear on the pads of the feet or heels. They can be of different thicknesses, and are less painful than calluses, but can cause discomfort if they are thickened significantly. Let's look at the main types of corn.
- Callus inside foot: the most common localization is on the soles of the feet, in places where there is the greatest contact with shoes or surfaces. They can be too dense and cause pain when walking.
- Heel corns: develop as a result of prolonged friction and pressure on the heels.
If any type of callus or corn begins to cause pain or interfere with walking, it's important to seek professional help.
Causes of Corns and Calluses
Calluses and corns are the skin's response to constant friction and pressure on the epidermis. These formations develop gradually, and although their function is to prevent damage to the skin, they sometimes become an unpleasant source of pain and discomfort.
Let's look at the main causes that contribute to their appearance.
Tight or inappropriate shoes
Shoes that are too tight or squeeze certain areas of the foot cause excessive pressure on the skin. High heels, uncomfortable or stiff shoe materials can contribute to chafing, especially in the toe and foot pad areas.
Prolonged standing or walking
Constant pressure on the same areas of the foot while walking, playing sports, or standing for long periods of time contributes to the thickening of the skin on the heels and pads of the feet.
Foot and toe deformities
Flat feet, hammer toes, or bunions in the big toes, can increase pressure on certain areas of the foot and contribute to the development of formations. For example, bumps on the big toes can lead to the formation of painful calluses on the side of the toes.
Friction from socks or shoes
If socks or shoes are not the right size or do not fit properly on the foot, this causes constant friction, which over time leads to the formation of corns and calluses.
Lack of foot protection
Walking barefoot or wearing shoes without socks exposes the skin to increased friction and pressure, which over time leads to thickened skin and blisters.
Symptoms and Signs
Corns and corns can manifest with a variety of symptoms that range from mild discomfort to significant pain.
The main signs that indicate the presence of corns or calluses are:
- The appearance of areas of thickened, keratinized skin
- The skin may become yellowish or grayish
- Pain and discomfort when walking
- Burning or itching sensation. It may spread to neighboring areas
- Redness and inflammation around the formations
- The skin in the area of the lesion becomes dry and rough
- The appearance of small cracks, especially on deep calluses
If these formations cause significant discomfort, increase in size, or lead to complications such as infection or bleeding, it is crucial to consult a specialist promptly to prevent further issues.
Diagnostics: Understanding the Condition
At Illinois Foot & Ankle Clinic, diagnosis of corns and calluses is usually done visually. Our experienced podiatrist, Dr. Alex Yanovskiy, DPM, will examine the affected skin and can determine the presence and severity of the problem.
In some cases, additional diagnostic methods may be required, such as:
- Dermatoscopy: examination of the skin with a special device (dermatoscope) allows you to examine the affected area in more detail and exclude other skin diseases.
- Biopsy: when there is doubt about the diagnosis or other diseases need to be ruled out, a small piece of tissue may be taken for histologic examination.
If complications or comorbidities are suspected, X-rays or ultrasound are additionally ordered. These methods can detect possible structural changes in the bones or soft tissues of the foot.
Treatment Options for Corns and Calluses
At Illinois Foot & Ankle Clinic, we offer a variety of treatment options to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence.
Let's take a look at the most common methods:
- Orthotic insoles: custom-made insoles help to evenly distribute the load on the foot, reducing pressure on problem areas and preventing the formation of new calluses.
- Moisturizing creams: regular use of moisturizing creams helps to keep the skin of the feet soft and moisturized, which prevents cracks and dryness that contribute to the formation of corns and calluses. Creams containing salicylic acid or other keratolytic ingredients can help soften and eliminate thickened skin.
- Protective pads: special protective pads help reduce friction and pressure on the affected areas of skin. They are applied to problem areas and provide cushioning to help prevent further formation of corns and calluses and reduce discomfort when walking.
Surgical treatment
In some cases, especially with deep or chronic calluses, surgical removal of the calluses may be necessary. The surgery is performed under local anesthesia and can get rid of the problem quickly and effectively.
Don't endure the pain and don't delay your visit to Illinois Foot & Ankle Clinic. Schedule a consultation with Dr. Alex Yanovskiy, DPM, and start your journey to a healthy and comfortable life!